1python --version
2# Python 3.9.10

1pip install pytest

1pytest --version
2# pytest 8.4.2

 1# 运行当前目录下所有测试
 2pytest
 3
 4# 运行指定文件
 5pytest test_example.py
 6
 7# 运行指定测试函数
 8pytest test_example.py::test_add
 9
10# 运行指定测试类中的方法
11pytest test_example.py::TestCalculator::test_add
12
13# 显示详细输出
14pytest -v
15
16# 显示更详细的输出（包括print内容）
17pytest -s
18
19# 失败时立即停止
20pytest -x
21
22# 指定并发数运行（需安装pytest-xdist）
23pytest -n 4

1pytest_project/
2├── src/                    # 源代码目录
3│   └── calculator.py       # 被测代码
4├── tests/                  # 测试代码目录
5│   └── test_calculator.py  # 测试用例
6└── pytest.ini              # pytest配置文件

1[pytest]
2testpaths = tests          # 指定测试文件搜索路径
3pythonpath = .             # 添加Python模块搜索路径
4addopts = -v               # 默认命令行参数

 1# src/calculator.py
 2class Calculator:
 3    def add(self, a, b):
 4        return a + b
 5
 6    def subtract(self, a, b):
 7        return a - b
 8
 9    def multiply(self, a, b):
10        return a * b
11
12    def divide(self, a, b):
13        if b == 0:
14            raise ValueError("Cannot divide by zero")
15        return a / b

 1# tests/test_calculator.py
 2from src.calculator import Calculator
 3
 4
 5def test_add():
 6    calc = Calculator()
 7    result = calc.add(2, 3)
 8    assert result == 5
 9
10
11def test_subtract():
12    calc = Calculator()
13    result = calc.subtract(5, 2)
14    assert result == 3
15
16
17def test_multiply():
18    calc = Calculator()
19    result = calc.multiply(4, 5)
20    assert result == 20
21
22
23def test_divide():
24    calc = Calculator()
25    result = calc.divide(10, 2)
26    assert result == 5
27
28
29def test_divide_by_zero():
30    calc = Calculator()
31    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Cannot divide by zero"):
32        calc.divide(10, 0)